Water Sustainability of Turkish Dairy Sector: Efficiency, Risks and Vulnerabilities

The “Water Sustainability of the Turkish Dairy Industry: Efficiency, Risks and Vulnerabilities” project was carried out by the Association of Packaged Milk and Dairy Products Manufacturers (ASÜD) with the support of the Turkey – EU Civil Society Dialogue call for the fifth term. In the project where ASÜD is the coordinator beneficiary; International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF) from England, Water Footprint Network (WFN) from Netherlands and Climate Research Association (IAD)-GTE from Turkey took place as co-beneficiaries.

The aim of the project is to assess the water risk and examine the possible effects of water risk on the value chain, thereby reducing the vulnerability of the Turkish dairy sector regarding water-related risks. Within the scope of the project, field visits were carried out at the farm and enterprise level, and the water dependency in the entire value chain of the current water use in the Turkish dairy industry (feed, dairy animal raising, milk and dairy products production and delivery to the consumer) and the impact of the dairy sector on water resources were evaluated.

Cleaner Production in the Textile Sector in the Buyuk Menderes and Ergene Basins

With the cooperation of WWF-Turkey and H&M Group, the Incentive of Cleaner Production Practices in the Textile Sector project in the Buyuk Menderes and Ergene Basins, where GTE is the technical consultant, was carried out between 2017 and 2019 to encourage clean production practices in the textile industry and reduce the sectoral water risks. The presentation of the “Cleaner Production Guide in the Textile Industry”, prepared within the scope of the project, was made on September 24, 2018, at the Denizli Organized Industrial Zone Directorate with the participation of private sector, public and non-governmental organizations.

Within the scope of the project, studies focused on clean production and water resources management for the textile sector in the Büyük Menderes and Ergene Basins were carried out, and clean production studies were conducted for 10 companies located in the cities of Aydin, Denizli, Usak, Tekirdag and Kirklareli.

Strategy for Transition to Cleaner Production in the Buyuk Menderes Basin

In Buyuk Menderes, which was determined as a pilot basin by the General Directorate of Water Management, the protection of water resources, sustainable use and monitoring of water quality were determined as a priority within the framework of the Integrated Basin Management approach. and socio-economic analyses with the title of “Buyuk Menderes Basin Atlas” was published in 2013.

The next target of WWF Turkey’s efforts in the basin with this perspective was the implementation of the “Water Conservation” approach as a good example In 2017, WWF Turkey support was provided by GTE and Prof. Dr. Goksel Demirer (METU) in Uşak, Denizli and Aydin provinces in order to develop the Water Conservation mechanism in the basin, which encourages the private sector to be aware of the water risks they face, to develop measures to eliminate them, and to encourage collective action to protect water resources. Various studies have been carried out to support the transition to the ‘cleaner production’ process in the textile and leather industry.In this context, clean production technology opportunities were investigated for high priority textile companies in the region to reduce sectoral risks in the Buyuk Menderes Basin.

MidSEFF III

The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) launched the Medium-Scale Sustainable Energy Financing Program (MidSEFF) in 2011 to finance medium-scale sustainable energy investments (renewable energy (RE), waste energy (WtE)). In the same year, with the co-financing of the EBRD and the European Investment Bank, the program was expanded as MidSEFF Phase II and the total funds provided were brought to 1 billion Euros. After the allocation of funds under MidSEFF Phases I and II, MidSEFF III has been prepared. MidSEFF III has committed € 500 million to investments in renewable energy and resource efficiency. The aim of the program is to fill the financing gaps required for renewable energy and resource efficiency investments in Turkey, to improve the skills of banks in the technical evaluation of suitable technologies, and to increase the banks’ compliance with the EU’s environmental and social standards in the evaluation of medium-sized renewable energy and resource efficiency investments.

The aim of the project is to support the implementation of the program. Within the scope of the project, ensuring the compliance of sub-projects with EU environmental and social standards, transferring skills to local experts and participating financial institutions, ensuring the reproduction of sub-projects that implement EU environmental and social and health and safety standards, supporting participatory financial institutions to develop and monitor renewable energy and resource efficiency projects. targeted.

The project was carried out in 2016 as a consortium of MWH, GTE and Frankfurt School of Finance & Management GmbH (FsF). In the project, GTE carried out activities such as developing the carbon potential of sub-projects, providing support for carbon footprint analysis for industrial customers, Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV), and providing carbon-related trainings to stakeholders and participating financial institutions.

Investigation of the Conditions of Use of Iron Oxide Wastes in Sütas Biogas Facilities

GTE carried out the Turkey Material Marketplace (TMM) R&D project supported by the EBRD with Sutas A.Ş. In the project, instead of FeCl3, which is used as H2S scavenger in the biogas facilities of SUTAS A.Ş., the use of iron oxide wastes from the metalworking industry was evaluated. In this context, analyzes were carried out on the waste samples taken from Beycelik Gestamp A.S. and the feasibility of the application, which was tested at Sutas biogas facility, was studied by GTE.

According to the results obtained in the developed R&D project, it has been seen that the waste going to the landfills in the current situation has the potential to be evaluated. With the realization of the project, a total of 324 tons of iron oxide waste will be used annually. The proposed industrial symbiosis implementation will yield a net annual savings of €78,450 with a payback period of 3.4 years. Considering the rapidly growing biogas market, although there are 85 biogas plants operating in Turkey, the demand for remedial chemicals in biogas is expected to increase further soon.

The other project we realized with SUTAS:

Eco-Industrial Park Transformation in Izmir: Green IAOZB Project

The “Eco-Industrial Park Transformation in Izmir: Green IAOZB Project”, which is being carried out by the Izmir Atatürk Organized Industrial Zone (IAOZB) management with the feasibility support received from Izmir Development Agency (İZKA) and supervised by GTE, was completed in December 2019.

In the project, it was aimed to determine the technical application possibilities suitable for IAOZB and to reveal a sustainable management model in accordance with the purpose of transforming IAOZB into an Eco-Industrial Park (EEP). Within the scope of the study, field visits were made to 57 companies as a result of the preliminary interviews conducted over the phone with 170 companies operating in the food, textile, chemical, plastic, metal and motor vehicle sectors, which stood out in the IAOZB, and questions were administered within the scope of the survey.

With the activities carried out within the scope of the project, environmental, economic, social, and sustainable management model issues were discussed. Considering the environmental gains that can be achieved in the case of the realization of the projects with the feasibility; Annual savings of approximately 3 million m3 of water and 795 MWh of energy are anticipated. It has been determined that the economic gains that can be obtained are amortized in approximately 4.8 years, with the cost of the required investments being approximately 4.8 million USD.

Modelling of Industrial Symbiosis and Cleaner Production with Renewable Energy in Malatya Locality Project

Malatya Metropolitan Municipality implemented the Project of Modelling Industrial Symbiosis and Cleaner Production with Renewable Energy in Malatya Locality in 2020, and a feasibility report was prepared in this context.

Malatya Metropolitan Municipality aims to provide a sustainable environment and to develop locally by reducing energy dependence by evaluating the waste sludge treated in the wastewater treatment plant of the Maski General Directorate and released as a pollutant to the nature and the sludge of the Organized Industrial Zone treatment plant.

In the project, drying and burning the sludge and converting the heat energy released into electrical energy, meeting the institutional energy expenditure; Scenarios of generating income by using the inert heat of Solid Waste Integrated Environmental Management Facility belonging to Malatya Metropolitan Municipality and selling the excess amount of produced energy or drying the sludge using inert heat and generating income by selling the dry sludge have been studied. Within the scope of the project, it is aimed to develop industrial relations and ensure resource efficiency with the new power generation facility planned to be established.

Investigation of Industrial Symbiosis Opportunities in Aksaray Organized Industrial Zone

The “Investigation of Industrial Symbiosis Opportunities in Aksaray Organized Industrial Zone Project”, which was initiated under the leadership of Ahiler Development Agency and carried out by the joint venture of GTE and Ekodenge companies, was completed in 2018.

Within the scope of the project, environmental/economic cooperation potentials (waste exchange, joint/reverse logistics, joint emergency plans, etc.) that companies operating in and around Aksaray OIZ could benefit from were investigated. Sectors that have a significant economic value (number of firms, turnover, employment, etc.) and/or create significant environmental impacts (resource use, waste generation, carbon emissions, etc.) in the Aksaray region have been identified.

As a result of the literature review for prominent sectors, various industrial symbiosis possibilities have been identified that can serve as an example. A total of 54 facilities and 10 institutions operating in the identified priority sectors in the provinces of Aksaray, Kırıkkale, Kırşehir, Nevşehir and Niğde were visited, and a synergy workshop was held afterwards. Based on the evaluations made after the technical visits to the companies and the synergy workshop, feasibility concept notes were prepared for 5 priority industrial symbiosis possibilities.

Developing a Green OIZ Framework for Turkey

T.R. The “Development of the Green OIZ Framework for Turkey Project”, which was initiated in November 2016 with the cooperation of the Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology and the World Bank Group, was completed in 2017. A comprehensive Green OIZ framework has been developed for Turkey with the project, in which GTE is the consortium leader, and Carbon Trust and Environmental Resources Management (ERM) companies are involved as consortium partners.

In the project, it was aimed that OIZs provide sustainability and resource efficiency with practices such as industrial symbiosis, recycling, energy saving in production units, and green competitiveness opportunities were determined.

Yasar Holding Water Footprint, Efficiency and Water Risk Assessment

Within the scope of sustainability targets, water footprint & water efficiency for Yasar Holding’s prominent brands Pınar milk, Pınar meat, Pınar Su, Viking Kağıt, Dyo Boya, Dyo Printing Inks, Altın Yunus, Çamlı Yem Besicilik, Yasar Birleşik Pazarlama and Desa Energy, conducted water risks assessment, carbon footprint reporting and reduction studies.

Yasar Group companies, whose corporate carbon footprint was calculated by GTE and ERM in 2012, set the target of reducing their emissions per unit production by 15% in 2020, and with this target, Yasar Group became the first domestic company to receive an emission reduction commitment. In the study carried out, the carbon footprints of the companies and the hot carbon spots that cause the most carbon emissions were determined. Emission reduction measures have been put forward within the carbon reduction roadmap for each company.