Water Sustainability of Turkish Dairy Sector: Efficiency, Risks and Vulnerabilities

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The “Water Sustainability of the Turkish Dairy Industry: Efficiency, Risks and Vulnerabilities” project was carried out by the Association of Packaged Milk and Dairy Products Manufacturers (ASÜD) with the support of the Turkey – EU Civil Society Dialogue call for the fifth term. In the project where ASÜD is the coordinator beneficiary; International Business Leaders Forum (IBLF) from England, Water Footprint Network (WFN) from Netherlands and Climate Research Association (IAD)-GTE from Turkey took place as co-beneficiaries.

The aim of the project is to assess the water risk and examine the possible effects of water risk on the value chain, thereby reducing the vulnerability of the Turkish dairy sector regarding water-related risks. Within the scope of the project, field visits were carried out at the farm and enterprise level, and the water dependency in the entire value chain of the current water use in the Turkish dairy industry (feed, dairy animal raising, milk and dairy products production and delivery to the consumer) and the impact of the dairy sector on water resources were evaluated.

Cleaner Production in the Textile Sector in the Buyuk Menderes and Ergene Basins

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With the cooperation of WWF-Turkey and H&M Group, the Incentive of Cleaner Production Practices in the Textile Sector project in the Buyuk Menderes and Ergene Basins, where GTE is the technical consultant, was carried out between 2017 and 2019 to encourage clean production practices in the textile industry and reduce the sectoral water risks. The presentation of the “Cleaner Production Guide in the Textile Industry”, prepared within the scope of the project, was made on September 24, 2018, at the Denizli Organized Industrial Zone Directorate with the participation of private sector, public and non-governmental organizations.

Within the scope of the project, studies focused on clean production and water resources management for the textile sector in the Büyük Menderes and Ergene Basins were carried out, and clean production studies were conducted for 10 companies located in the cities of Aydin, Denizli, Usak, Tekirdag and Kirklareli.

Paris Agreement Article 6 Market Mechanisms and Turkey’s Evaluation of Options

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With the team of GTE, ERCST and ReedSmith, T.C. Under the coordination of the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization, with the support of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD), the Paris Agreement Article 6 Market Mechanisms and Turkey’s Options Evaluation project is carried out. The aim of the project is to evaluate opportunities and possibilities for Turkey to benefit from Article 6 of the Paris Agreement and to build capacity and analytical knowledge for policy makers in Turkey.

Within the scope of the project, the interactions between new market mechanisms and possible emissions trading systems (ETS) in Turkey will be analyzed. Reviewing the current situation of Turkey, developing a negotiation strategy for Turkey on Article 6, organizing a workshop and preparing a report will be carried out.

A stakeholder meeting was held on 6-7 February 2020 with the participation of public and private sector representatives operating in Ankara, where issues such as Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, Carbon Markets, COP25, Kyoto Protocol, United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change were discussed.

Climate Change Resistant Thermal Energy Production

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Within the framework of the “Climate Change-Resistant Thermal Energy Generation” project carried out by EÜAŞ with the support of the British Embassy Welfare Fund and supervised by GTE, studies were carried out on the impact of climate change on electricity production in thermal power plants.

Increasing air and water temperature as a result of climate change and decreases and increases in the amount of water reduce the efficiency of thermal power plants and cause interruptions in their activities. In addition to the economic losses and the problems in security of supply, decreased power plant efficiency causes more fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, studies to determine the effects of climate change on energy production and to reduce these effects gain great importance. Within the scope of this project, a report has been prepared in which the relationship between water and energy is examined in detail at the level of power plants belonging to EÜAŞ, which is expected to have a guiding effect in the electricity generation sector.

Istanbul Metropolitan Area Carbon Footprint – Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2015

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After the greenhouse gas inventory was prepared for 2010 in Istanbul, the greenhouse gas inventory for 2015 was completed with the support of Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection Directorate Istanbul Environmental Management Industry and Trade Joint Stock Company (ISTAC).

The total carbon footprint of Istanbul for 2015, calculated according to the GPC 2014 BASIC approach, was calculated as 47,340,725 tCO2 equivalent. In this context, the greenhouse gas inventory of 2015 has been a guiding source of information for the preparation of an effective “Istanbul Climate Change Action Plan” with the results obtained. It can be said that this report, which is prepared according to the latest versions of the relevant methods and guidelines (GPC 2014 Basic), together with the previous report for 2010, is a second step towards establishing a solid foundation for increasing the quality and completeness of future studies.

Other projects we have realized with IBB:

Strategy for Transition to Cleaner Production in the Buyuk Menderes Basin

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In Buyuk Menderes, which was determined as a pilot basin by the General Directorate of Water Management, the protection of water resources, sustainable use and monitoring of water quality were determined as a priority within the framework of the Integrated Basin Management approach. and socio-economic analyses with the title of “Buyuk Menderes Basin Atlas” was published in 2013.

The next target of WWF Turkey’s efforts in the basin with this perspective was the implementation of the “Water Conservation” approach as a good example In 2017, WWF Turkey support was provided by GTE and Prof. Dr. Goksel Demirer (METU) in Uşak, Denizli and Aydin provinces in order to develop the Water Conservation mechanism in the basin, which encourages the private sector to be aware of the water risks they face, to develop measures to eliminate them, and to encourage collective action to protect water resources. Various studies have been carried out to support the transition to the ‘cleaner production’ process in the textile and leather industry.In this context, clean production technology opportunities were investigated for high priority textile companies in the region to reduce sectoral risks in the Buyuk Menderes Basin.

Istanbul Metropolitan Area Carbon Footprint – Greenhouse Gas Inventory for 2010

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Within the scope of the Project, whose full name is “Improving the Greenhouse Gas Calculation Capacity of IMM and Establishing Istanbul’s Greenhouse Gas Inventory” and supported within the framework of the United Kingdom Welfare Fund, the carbon footprint of Istanbul was calculated and reported according to the most up-to-date methods and guidelines.

Assoc. from Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Environmental Protection Directorate, GTE, ERM and ITU. Dr. With the work carried out by Alper Ünal in 2013, the Istanbul 2010 Greenhouse Gas Inventory was prepared. The project has been a study for Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality, in which important information about reducing and managing greenhouse gas emissions has been obtained. The carbon footprint of the Istanbul metropolitan area, one of the largest megacities in the world, was announced as 40.7 million tCO2 for 2010, revealing that Istanbul has a share of 11% in Turkey’s total greenhouse gas emissions. The carbon footprint disclosed is the first report prepared in accordance with international methodologies and standards and shared with the public.

Other projects we have realized with IMM:

Climate Resilience in the Energy Sector: Turkey – Risk Assessment and Investment Needs

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GTE, together with Tractebel Engie, who is the project leader, aimed to determine the potential effects and amount of climate change on the energy production and transmission systems in Turkey in the project, which was supported by the EBRD in 2016-2017.

In accordance with the purpose of the project, initial evaluations were made regarding the most economically and technically appropriate solutions for climate vulnerabilities in the energy sector, and a water density methodology was developed for energy production in Turkey and country-level evaluation studies were carried out. In addition to case studies, a national workshop was organized within the scope of the project.

MidSEFF III

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The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) launched the Medium-Scale Sustainable Energy Financing Program (MidSEFF) in 2011 to finance medium-scale sustainable energy investments (renewable energy (RE), waste energy (WtE)). In the same year, with the co-financing of the EBRD and the European Investment Bank, the program was expanded as MidSEFF Phase II and the total funds provided were brought to 1 billion Euros. After the allocation of funds under MidSEFF Phases I and II, MidSEFF III has been prepared. MidSEFF III has committed € 500 million to investments in renewable energy and resource efficiency. The aim of the program is to fill the financing gaps required for renewable energy and resource efficiency investments in Turkey, to improve the skills of banks in the technical evaluation of suitable technologies, and to increase the banks’ compliance with the EU’s environmental and social standards in the evaluation of medium-sized renewable energy and resource efficiency investments.

The aim of the project is to support the implementation of the program. Within the scope of the project, ensuring the compliance of sub-projects with EU environmental and social standards, transferring skills to local experts and participating financial institutions, ensuring the reproduction of sub-projects that implement EU environmental and social and health and safety standards, supporting participatory financial institutions to develop and monitor renewable energy and resource efficiency projects. targeted.

The project was carried out in 2016 as a consortium of MWH, GTE and Frankfurt School of Finance & Management GmbH (FsF). In the project, GTE carried out activities such as developing the carbon potential of sub-projects, providing support for carbon footprint analysis for industrial customers, Monitoring, Reporting and Verification (MRV), and providing carbon-related trainings to stakeholders and participating financial institutions.

Investigation of the Conditions of Use of Iron Oxide Wastes in Sütas Biogas Facilities

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GTE carried out the Turkey Material Marketplace (TMM) R&D project supported by the EBRD with Sutas A.Ş. In the project, instead of FeCl3, which is used as H2S scavenger in the biogas facilities of SUTAS A.Ş., the use of iron oxide wastes from the metalworking industry was evaluated. In this context, analyzes were carried out on the waste samples taken from Beycelik Gestamp A.S. and the feasibility of the application, which was tested at Sutas biogas facility, was studied by GTE.

According to the results obtained in the developed R&D project, it has been seen that the waste going to the landfills in the current situation has the potential to be evaluated. With the realization of the project, a total of 324 tons of iron oxide waste will be used annually. The proposed industrial symbiosis implementation will yield a net annual savings of €78,450 with a payback period of 3.4 years. Considering the rapidly growing biogas market, although there are 85 biogas plants operating in Turkey, the demand for remedial chemicals in biogas is expected to increase further soon.

The other project we realized with SUTAS: